Studies on natural products from select woody plants
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nannyberry is a plant species located in the northeastern USA and in southern Canada ranging from New Brunswick to southeastern Saskatchewan. The possible anti-cancer potential of nannyberry fruits has not been previously studied. Phytochemical profiling of the nannyberry extract identified 3 biflavonoids, amentoflavone, robustaflavone and hinokiflavone, not previously documented in this fruit. The nannyberry extract was shown (using Alamar Blue) to be cytotoxic to androgen-sensitive LNCaP prostate cancer cells at dosages as low as 6.25 μg/mL with no apparent cytotoxicity to androgenrefractory PC3 cells. Nannyberry’s effect on LNCaP cells was further investigated to determine possible mechanisms involved whereby LNCaP cell proliferation ability was inhibited. Nannyberry extract treatment of LNCaP cells showed statistically significant, dose dependent reductions in cell viability. Protein expression levels of key proliferation linked activities were assessed. Western blot analysis of polyamine biosynthesis & catabolism linked proteins revealed a significant decrease in ornithine decarboxylase & S-adenosylmethionine decarboxylase, antizyme & spermine spermidine Nacetyltransferase protein expression levels with an increase in polyamine oxidase protein expression levels. A significant decrease in ribonucleotide reductase protein expression levels also occurred in response to nannyberry extract. Nannyberry extract was also shown to affect the expression of key proteins in many cellular signaling pathways including the MAPK , PI3K-Akt, NFκB and AP1 pathways. Additionally, nannyberry extract has been shown to cause significant changes in protein expression levels of key proteins associated with apoptosis including changes in caspase 8 and caspase 3\nexpression. Nannyberry extract is therefore able to affect the proliferation of LNCaP prostate cancer cells in vitro by altering the expression of key proliferation-linked activities and alters the expression of key apoptosis-linked proteins. These novel results suggest that nannyberry fruits may prove to be effective chemoprotective and /or chemopreventative agents against human prostate cancer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".