Three new VHS–DES quasars at 6.7 < z < 6.9 and emission line properties at z > 6.5
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Agradecimentos: The authors would like to thank Y. Shen for helpful comments and discussions and the referee for valuable insights. SLR, RGM, PCH, and EP acknowledge the support of the UK Science and Technology Facilities Council (STFC). MB acknowledges funding from the STFC via an Ernest Rutherford Fellowship as well as funding from the Royal Society via a University Research Fellowship. Support by European Research Council (ERC) Advanced Grant 320596 ‘The Emergence of Structure during the Epoch of Reionization’ is gratefully acknowledged by RGM. This material is based upon\nwork supported by the National Science Foundation under Grant No. 1615553 to PM. The analysis presented here is based on observations obtained as part of the VISTA Hemisphere Survey, ESO Progamme, 179.A2010 (PI: McMahon). The analysis presented here is based on observations obtained as part of European Southern Observatory (ESO) Progammes 098.A-0439 and 0100.A00346 (PI: McMahon). Based on observations obtained at the Gemini Observatory (Program GS2016B-FT-8), which is operated by the Association of Universities for Research in Astronomy, Inc., under a cooperative agreement with the NSF on behalf of the Gemini partnership: the National Science Foundation (United States), the National Research Council (Canada), CONICYT (Chile), Ministerio de Ciencia, Tecnología e Innovación Productiva (Argentina), and Ministério da Ciência, Tecnologia e Inovação (Brazil). Funding for the DES Projects has been provided by the US Department of Energy, the US National Science Foundation, the Ministry of Science and Education of Spain, the Science and Technology Facilities Council of UK, the Higher Education Funding Council for England, the National Center for Supercomputing Applications at the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Kavli Institute of Cosmological Physics at the University of Chicago, Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos, Fundação Carlos Chagas Filho de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnologico and the Ministério da Ciência e Tecnologia, the Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and the Collaborating Institutions in the Dark Energy Survey. The Collaborating Institutions are Argonne National Laboratories, the University of California at Santa Cruz, the University of Cambridge, Centro de Investigaciones Energeticas, Medioambientales y Tecnologicas-Madrid, the University of Chicago, University College London, the DES-Brazil Consortium, the Eidgenossische Technische Hochschule (ETH) Zurich, Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory, the University of Edinburgh, the University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, the Institut de Ciencies de l’Espai (IEEC/CSIC), the Institut de Fisica d’Altes Energies, the Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, the Ludwig-Maximilians Universitat and the associated Excellence Cluster Universe, the University of Michigan, the National Optical Astronomy Observatory, the\nUniversity of Nottingham, The Ohio State University, the University of Pennsylvania, the University of Portsmouth, SLAC National Laboratory, Stanford University, the University of Sussex, and Texas A&M University
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".