Transboundary Coordination to Reduce Vessel Impacts on Southern Resident Killer Whales
Bibliographic record
Abstract
NOAA Fisheries leads the federal recovery program for Southern Resident killer whales (Orcinus orca) under the Endangered Species Act (ESA) in the U.S. Following the endangered listing in 2005, NOAA finalized a Recovery Plan which identifies impacts from vessels and noise as one of three main threats to Southern Residents. In 2011, NOAA implemented federal regulations in the inland waters of Washington State to reduce these impacts. However, transboundary measures are necessary to achieve a meaningful result for the whales, as they are exposed to vessel traffic on both sides of the U.S./Canada border. NOAA Fisheries has engaged in several transboundary partnerships to educate boaters and address vessel impacts in both U.S. waters and in Canada, as well as bilateral collaborations with the Department of Fisheries and Oceans Canada and Transport Canada. Most notably, we have established broad transboundary partnerships to promote the Be Whale Wise campaign focused on responsible wildlife viewing and have served on the Advisory Working Group and Acoustic Technical Committee for the Port of Vancouver-led Enhancing Cetacean Habitat and Observation (ECHO) program aimed at managing the impact of shipping activities on whales. The emerging U.S. Quiet Sound program is also in close coordination with the Canadian ECHO program. Addressing vessel threats to such a wide-ranging, transboundary species presents a significant challenge to resource managers. The partnerships that NOAA has utilized to reduce vessel threats to Southern Residents across the U.S./Canada border serve as a model for navigating transboundary coordination for species recovery.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.004 | 0.008 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.016 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".