Testate amoebae (thecamoebian) based reconstruction of Lake Simcoe fringe wetland paleoenvironments
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Lake Simcoe, Ontario, Canada, a large southern Ontario \nglacial lake, has been affected by multiple environmental \nstressors throughout its history. This study uses testate \namoebae paleodistribution to reconstruct the environmental \nconditions of Lake Simcoe's fringe wetlands before and during \nthe Anthropocene. \nTestate amoebae are unicellular shelled protists that \ninhabit almost every environment in the world from sandy \nmarine beaches to all freshwater and terrestrial habitats. \nTheir rapid asexual reproduction makes testate amoebae \nsensitive indicators of short-lived environmental change. \nPaleolimnological and paleoecological investigations using \ntestate amoebae have been used to describe hydrology, pH, \ntrophic status, land use, climate change, forest fires, oxygen \nconcentrations, metal contamination and other variables. \nUsing compound microscopy techniques, testate amoebae \nassemblages were identified and tabulated from processed \nsedimentary cores extracted from fringe wetlands in Lake \nSimcoe and Tub Lake, with the latter lake used as a reference \nto assess anthropogenic impact during the Anthropocene. One \ncore, taken from the outlet area of Lake Simcoe, was used to \nreconstruct the past variability of the paleoenvironment while \nall four cores were used to reconstruct Anthropocene \npaleoenvironments. \nPrior to European settlement three distinct testate \namoebae communities inhabited the Victoria Point wetland area \nbased on hydrologic variability: an arctic-like, oligotrophic \ntestate amoebae community dominated by alkaline, lacustrine \nspecies; a CaCo3-based community dominated by mesotrophic \ncalcipiles; and an "early fringe wetland community" dominated \nby aquatic and soil-based species. \nThe anthropogenic activities of the last ~200 years lead \nto a rapid paludification of the shoreline in all Lake Simcoe \nwetland locations. Anthropogenic activities have also produced \na constant state of disturbance along the shoreline where the \nmean rate of change in the testate amoebae community since ~AD \n1300 (0.46) is greater than the rate of change in the \npreceding record (0.40). Some of this change is also \nattributable to recent climate change particularly in the \nwinter and spring, and possibly to the introduction of the \nZebra mussel in the mid 1990s. \nWhile similarities in the response of testate amoebae \nassemblages across wetlands do exist, this study has also \nfound that local activities have affected testate amoebae \nassemblage paleodistributions, species richness and diversity.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".