Adapting and assessing energy conversion technologies for integration in houses
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Twin research houses at the Canadian Centre for Housing Technology (CCHT) offer an intensively monitored real-world environment with simulated occupancy to assess the performance of small-scale energy conversion technologies. This paper presents one of several energy conversiontechnologies assessed at the twin house facility since 1998. Highlighted is the adaptation of a Stirling engine deployed in combined electrical and thermal integration of a house. Issues such as electrical grid connection, heat storage, control strategies and overall energy utilization are discussed. Small combined heat and power (CHP) plants that can generate electricity and heat at the single building are beginning to emerge as a viable alternative to large power generating stations in somecircumstances. The next generation of CHP to be investigated will be fuel cells. While still in the developmental stage, fuel cells are promising for small-scale CHP applications, and several Canadian companies are currently involved in the development of these systems. Once the technology is developed, the next challenge will be the integration into the building's electrical and heating (HVAC) systems. Issues such as CHP system sizing, need for storage, meeting peak loads, dissipation of excess heat, etc. will need to be addressed. Field testing first generation prototypes in a well controlled but realistic residential setting would significantly accelerate development of these systems.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".