Analysis of mass transfer in osmotic dehydration of apples
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The objective of this study was to develop a model for the analysis of mass transfer in osmotic dehydration of fruits based tissue parameters and on diffusion characteristics of the osmotic solution. A conceptual and a mathematical model were developed to relate the penetration and shrinkage to the water loss and solids gain evolution. Samples of apple rings were subjected to osmotic treatment using 60% (w/w) sucrose solution. Water loss was determined from moisture measurements. Solids gain was calculated from sucrose content. Liquid porosity, tortuosity, and average concentrations were estimated using the model with experimental and literature data. The average concentration of solutes was explained by the porosity profiles. This new approach linked water loss and solids gain observations with the tissue penetration data opening future research avenues on the kinetics and mechanical properties of the tissue; initial properties of the material; and relationships between solutes and water fluxes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".