Annual record of glacier terminus response to climate variability over the period 1959-2004 derived from annual push moraines, Castle Glacier, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Few studies examine glacier change in the Cariboo Mountains of British Columbia. During the past half century a rarely preserved sequence of push moraines was formed at the front of one of these glaciers (informally named Castle Glacier, 53° 1’ 52” N., 120° 27’ 44” W.). We used aerial photography and satellite imagery to confirm this sequence of deposits to be annual and to derive an annual record of glacier retreat. Castle Glacier formed 46 annual push moraines and retreated 671 m between 1959 and 2004. Average annual retreat during this period was 14.6 m a-1 and varied between 3 and 44 m a-1. Minimum annual retreat occurred in the 1970s and maximum annual retreat occurred in the early 1990s. Comparison of meteorological data obtained from nearby climate stations with those of annual glacier retreat indicates that Castle Glacier terminus response correlates most strongly with ablation season temperature (r = 0.53, á = 0.01).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".