A comparison of selected costs associated with sprawl and an alternative pattern of development in Guelph, Ontario
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis is an investigation of the costs of suburban sprawl, carried out in order to examine the putative belief that the costs of this type of residential development often exceed the benefits. The research is based on a case study of two communities in the City of Guelph, Ontario which are characterised by different development patterns. It involves an examination of the operation and maintenance (O&M) costs and tax revenues of specific elements of local infrastructure in those two communities. The work looks at costs from a municipal perspective, and aims to inform municipal land use policy regarding the financial efficiency of residential development types. The study concludes that low density sprawl patterns of development are not necessarily less financially efficient than denser, alternative ones. Under the current taxation system, financial efficiency may have more to do with the revenue generating potential of any community than its urban form. In this case, even though the denser alternative appeared to be more cost effective on a per dwelling unit basis, per unit revenues in the sprawl site were more likely to offset overall costs.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".