An elastic plastic approach, modeling deformation of dense sand
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines the mechanical behaviour of dense (dilative) sand. The dense sand was tested under high pressure conditions (80 MPa in one dimensional compression and a confining pressure of 7.2 MPa in triaxial testing) and high temperatures (up to 100C). The behaviour of the dilative sand could be successfully described by using elastic plastic concepts. The triaxial testing program used modified equipment from the University of Manitoba's Soil Mechanics Laboratory (larger specimen sizes). The testing methodology followed typical drained triaxial testing methods, but the temperatures and pressures at which the tests were performed where much higher than typical. The 1-D compression testing was performed in a newly designed and constructed test apparatus. The elastic-plastic model Cam Clay was able to capture many of the aspects of the dilative sands behaviour, modifications to the base model were necessary to account for particle breakage at high stress levels and variations in shear stiffness with shear strain. The normal compression line of sand is considered to be defined in the grain crushing region. The isotropic compression testing performed did not reach stress levels high enough to induce grain crushing. A new equation was developed to describe the isotropic compression behaviour of sand prior to reaching the normal compression line. Triaxial testing was performed at three different temperatures to determine the effect of temperature. No consistent effect of temperature was encountered in either isotropic compression or triaxial shear.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".