Evaluation of florpyrauxifen-benzyl for use in pastures and hayfields
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Weed control is a critical component in pastures and hayfields in order to ensure maximum forage yields. Typically, broadleaf weed control in pastures and hayfields is achieved through the use of synthetic auxin. However, these herbicides also control desirable broadleaf species such as forage legumes, including white clover. Use of herbicides can lead to severe injury and often complete elimination of white clover, making it difficult for producers to maintain legumes in mixed grass-legume swards while controlling weeds. It is often desirable to have legumes present in the sward due to their high nutritive forage value and ability to fix nitrogen compared to grass only swards. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is a new herbicide which is reported to control broadleaf weed species, while preserving white clover. Little published research exists on this herbicide, particularly for use in pastures and hayfields. Research evaluating sward composition indicates that florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is effective in controlling broadleaf weed species while also preserving greater amounts of white clover than any other herbicide treatments. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D also resulted in significantly more forage grass production than the nontreated control. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D was less effective than other herbicides when applied via fertilizer impregnation. Additional research assessing the spectrum of broadleaf weed control found that florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is a viable herbicide for the control of several broadleaf weed species including bulbous buttercup, Canada thistle, broadleaf plantain, plumeless thistle, and common ragweed. However, florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D was less effective than other herbicides for controlling certain weeds, such as horsenettle. White clover was injured from florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D, but was able to fully recover in 90 to 120 days. There were no differences in white clover response between the four varieties tested. When evaluating establishment of forage species, florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D did not injure or reduce biomass of tall fescue or orchardgrass plantings, indicating a high level of safety. Florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D was also safe to both drilled and frost seeded clover when applied prior to and at planting. Greenhouse trials revealed that flowering white clover is more sensitive to herbicides compared to vegetative white clover, and that safety of white clover to florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D is dependent upon use rate. Considerations such as weed species present, and the amount of white clover injury that is considered acceptable will dictate the decision to utilize florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D in pastures and hayfields. This research demonstrates the effectiveness and overall utility of florpyrauxifen-benzyl + 2,4-D for use in pastures and hayfields due to the effectiveness of weed species as well as the level of safety to white clover.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".