Ethnic minorities in Mexico, United States and Canada:\n\na comparative study of coexistence
Bibliographic record
Abstract
"In the American Continent, the French, British and Spaniards generated a new socioeconomic geography and, still more, strong differences in social organization between the native population and the European. The natives were subjected to certain degree of acceptance or inclusion depending on European establishments. As a result of the structural differences marked by their particular conditions, three models can be identified among the diverse ethnic groups in the American continent. The first is in the North, where French colonizers required local labor force (indigenous labor) in order to develop commerce (mainly leather since no precious metals were found). Coexistence was reinforced with the arrival of the British. These diverse groups cohabited with certain equilibrium. In the second, British colonizers willing to recreate religious experiments (i.e. pilgrims and quakers), and without the idea of evangelization, did not need an indigenous labor force. African slaves were brought and lived closer to Europeans, but separately, while natives were almost exterminated. In the third model, in Central and South America, the Spaniards and Portuguese conquerors found gold and silver (El Dorado) and used natives as slaves (with experience in construction, mining and agriculture). Catholic missions were including not only converting natives (occidentalizing), integrating them to a new society. As a result of this relationship, Latin-America currently has a racially mixed population. In the three models, the economic expansive necessities of immigrants eliminated a great part of the native population, caused its gradual reduction, and/or were pushed away from the economic centers and natural resources. With time, colonization subjected native interests to the colonizing economy, its language, culture and religion, relegating them to an inferior status their local traditions, erasing cultural and religious differences opposed to European civilization. Abstract by Redalyc."
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.006 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.012 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".