Examining the role of culture, parents, and peers on alcohol and cigarette use among Indigenous youth in Northern Quebec
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Background. The goal of the present study was to examine the relative roles of cultural identity, parents, and peers on alcohol and cigarette use among youth in two Indigenous communities in northern Quebec. Strong Indigenous cultural identity, parent-child communication about substance use, and peers who do not use nor approve of use were all expected to lead to increased negative (decreased positive) expectancies about the effects of drinking and smoking. In turn, these expectancies were hypothesized to lead to reduced risk for alcohol and cigarette use. Method. One hundred and seventeen Indigenous youths (N=117; grades 6-11) from two communities in northern Quebec completed self-report measures on Indigenous culture identification, parent communication, peer use and approval, substance use expectancies, and substance use. Results. Identification with Indigenous culture predicted increased negative substance use expectancies, which in turn predicted decreased drinking and smoking. Perceiving that peers did not (or rarely) used alcohol and cigarettes predicted decreased positive substance use expectancies, which in turn predicted decreased drinking and smoking. Parent communication was not a supported predictor of substance use. Discussion. Among youth, identification with one's own Indigenous culture and affiliating with no or few friends that drink or smoke reduced vulnerability for substance use. Moreover, substance use expectancies mediated these low risk pathways. Intervention strategies with the youth in these and possibly other Indigenous communities may benefit from targeting cultural identity, resistance to peer influence, and substance use expectancies.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".