Identity and marginality on the road: American road movies of the 1960s, 1970s and 1990s
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This thesis examines two key periods in the American road movie genre with a particular emphasis on formations of identity as they are articulated through themes of marginality, freedom, and rebellion.The first period, what I term the "founding" period of the road movie genre, includes six films of the 1960s and 1970s: Arthur Penn's Bonnie and Clyde (1967), Dennis Hopper's Easy Rider (1969), Francis Ford Coppola's The Rain People (1969), Monte Hellman's Two-Lane Blacktop (1971), Richard Sarafian's Vanishing Point (1971), and Joseph Strick's Road Movie (1974).The second period of the genre, what I identify as that of the "minority" road movie, occurs largely in the 1990s and includes Ridley Scott's Thelma & Louise (1991), Gregg Araki's The Living End (1992), and Spike Lee's Get on the Bus (1996).Emphasizing the cinematic worlds, narrative trajectories, and identity politics of the road movie, I argue that "founding" road movies, though usually homogeneous in their portrayals of identity, are significant for later minority road movies because they establish points of rebellion that negotiate between dominant and marginal social relations that minority road movies would later revisit.These minority road movies (re)interpret the generic raw material of the past, tapping into a number of subgenres as well as themes of marginality, freedom, and rebellion, in order to introduce new identities to the genre.Important to the many exchanges between the two periods is the interplay of subgenres; as I will discuss, many of these films borrow, critique, and subvert the generic precedents of the past.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".