The interactions between polymer coated nanoparticles and extracellular soil enzymes: effects on particle transport and aggregation
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polymeric coatings on the surface of nanoparticles (NPs) have been shown to control the environmental fate and impacts of NPs.Upon the release of NPs into soils and natural aquatic environments, extracellular enzymes may act to transform the NPs, altering their behaviour, fate and toxicity.We investigated the effect of exposure to a common extracellular soil enzyme, cellulase, on the deposition and aggregation behavior of polyethylene glycol (PEG) coated gold nanoparticles.The degradation ability of cellulase on the PEG coating was investigated using Matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight (MALDI-TOF) and darkfield hyperspectral imaging.Deposition kinetics of untreated and cellulase treated nanoparticles were determined using the Quartz Crystal Microbalance with Dissipation monitoring (QCM-D).A Nanotweezer was also used to measure the nanoparticle-silica surface interaction energy profile.Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was used to investigate the aggregation regimes.Results show that this enzyme does not contribute to PEG coating degradation.However, cellulase does increase aggregation of NPs at high IS concentration, indicating that there is a corona that forms and produces a bridging effect.There was no impact on nanoparticle deposition seen in QCM-D and Nanotweezer experiments showed no difference in interaction energy.iii RésuméLes enrobages polymériques à la surface des nanoparticules (NP) contrôlent leur destin et impacts dans l'environnement.Lors de la libération de NP dans les sols et les milieux aquatiques naturels, les enzymes extracellulaires peuvent agir pour transformer les NPs ce qui modifie leur comportement, leur sort et leur toxicité.Nous avons étudié l'interaction entre une enzyme extracellulaire commune dans le sol, la cellulase, et des nanoparticules d'or enrobées de polyéthylène glycol (PEG) et les effets sur le comportement de déposition et d'agrégation.La capacité de dégradation de la cellulase sur l'enrobage PEG a été étudiée en utilisant la Désorption laser d'ions assisté par matrix-temps de vol et l'imagerie hyperspectrale.La cinétique de dépôt des nanoparticules non traitées et traitées par le cellulase a été déterminée à l'aide de la Microbalance en cristal de quartz avec surveillance de la dissipation.Un Nanotweezer a également été utilisé pour mesurer le profil d'énergie de l'interaction des NPs avec une surface de silice.La diffusion dynamique de la lumière a été utilisée pour étudier les régimes d'agrégation.Les résultats montrent que la cellulase ne contribue pas à la dégradation de l'enrobage PEG.Cependant, l'enzyme augmente l'agrégation des NPs à forte concentration de force ionique, suggérant qu'il existe une corona qui se forme et produit un effet de pontage.Il n'y a eu aucun impact sur le dépôt de nanoparticules observé et les expériences de Nanotweezer n'ont montré aucune différence dans l'énergie d'interaction.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".