Investigating the species diversity of Planorbella and Helisoma (Gastropoda: Hygrophila: Planorbidae) in Manitoba
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Species-level resolution is lacking for freshwater gastropods in Family Planorbidae, with factors like cryptic species, phenotypic variation, and potential misidentifications confounding estimates of biodiversity. To characterize the diversity of five nominal planorbid species (four Planorbella and one Helisoma), I compared descriptive morphology-based identifications to phylogenetic (COI gene) and geometric morphometric analyses of shell shape. I recovered five genetically distinct clades though two clades may contain cryptic species. Shell shape analysis confirmed morphological overlap between some species and confirmed that shell-based identifications can be problematic for species-level identification. For each of the five clades, I sequenced the complete mitogenomes and nuclear rRNA repeat regions. Comparisons among the mitochondrial (COI gene and mitogenome) and nuclear gene phylogenies (concatenated 18S/28S, ITS1-5.8S-ITSII, rRNA repeat region) resulted in some incongruence suggesting past hybridization between two species. These findings show that an integrative approach to species delimitation is essential for understanding the biology of freshwater gastropods.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".