La linterna mágica: de la invención a la decadencia (siglos XVII-XX)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[ES] La linterna mágica fue un medio audiovisual basado en la proyección de imágenes y uso sincrónico de sonidos que alcanzó entre los siglos XVII y XX una significativa trascendencia cultural. Su historia se inició con el desarrollo de la «magia representativa», es decir, con la aplicación durante el siglo XVII de una serie de principios físicos que permitieron la proyección de imágenes. En la siguiente centuria, la linterna mágica emergió como un dispositivo que acabó por consolidarse e institucionalizarse como medio de comunicación en los primeros tres cuartos del siglo XIX. Tras su industrialización y comercialización en serie, acaecida en el último cuarto de dicho siglo, sobrevino la decadencia de la linterna mágica durante las primeras décadas del siglo XX. [EN] The magic lantern was an audiovisual medium based on the projection of images and the synchronic use of sounds that gained significant cultural transcendence between the 17th and 20th centuries. Its history began with the development of "representative magic", that is, with the 18th century application of a series of physical principles that allowed images to be projected. In the following century, the magic lantern emerged as a device that became consolidated and institutionalised \nas a means of communication in the first three quarters of the 19th century. \nAfter its industrialisation and commercialisation in the last quarter of that \ncentury, it fell into decline during the first decades of the 20th century.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.006 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.008 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".