Los Refrigerantes y los aportes de los científicos Rowland y Molina
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The present paper consists of a documentary type investigation, focused on the historical development of refrigerants, emphasizing commercial freons made from chlorine-fluorine-carbons (CFCs), which generated the first questioning as ozone exhausting , based on the valuable contribution to humanity ofMario Molina and Sherwood Rowland, awarded the 1995 Nobel Prize in Chemistry, by demonstrating to the world the damage caused to the ozone layer and being pioneers in the solution, starting with the Montreal protocol. Additionally,itdescribesthe fate of the refrigerants, exposing current studies. Thanks to the work done by Molina and Rowland in combining the relationship between science, industry and diplomatic activity, it is possible to see results that translate into transcendental benefits to the planet. The use of refrigeration will continue, but research should continue to increase knowledge in techniques that do not deteriorate the environment, thus considering ozone for life, for preservation and future life
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.003 | 0.003 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.011 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".