Le marché intérieur et les droits sociaux: amis ou ennemis?
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Analyzing the relationships between the development of the internal market and European social rights faces a major challenge: avoiding caricature. The following example illustrates this point: if, on the one hand, the Laval and Viking cases have rekindled the fear of “social dumping” throughout the Union, on the other hand, the recent developments of European citizenship case law foster the rights of all European citizens. This illustrates that the relationships between the internal market and social rights may rightly be described as “conflicting” or “friendly”, depending the issue at stake and/or the legal basis involved (freedom to provide services versus European citizenship). We’ve therefore decided to focus on what we think are “defining moments” of the relationship between the internal market and the development of social Europe. These choices may appear artificial or incomplete but we think that they encapsulate the basic tension that is going throughout the history of the European Union (EU), since the foundation of the European Economic Community (EEC) to the recent Single Market Act
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.011 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.008 | 0.005 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.009 | 0.002 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".