Motoric cognitive risk syndrome: cognitive profile and association with cardio vascular diseases and risk factors
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Motoric Cognitive Risk (MCR) syndrome is a pre-dementia syndrome, which has been associated with cardiovascular diseases and risk factors (CVDRF) in the US, Japan and pooled multi country populations.The cognitive profile of individuals with MCR syndrome is unknown.Our objectives were: 1) To examine and compare the cognitive performances of non-demented older community-dwellers with and without MCR and Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) syndromes, 2) To determine whether MCR syndrome was associated with CVDRF in French, older community-dwellers, and 3) To quantitatively synthesize, with a systematic review and meta-analysis, the association of MCR syndrome with CVDRF.Methods.To further explore these research objectives, we performed 2 studies: Objective 1 was examined in study 1, objectives 2 and 3 in study 2. A cross-sectional database was used.The Gait and Alzheimer Interactions Tracking (GAIT) study is a French database with a total of 912 French community dweller participants from November 2009 to May 2016.After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 291 nondemented individuals (18.2% diagnosed with MCR) were included in study 1.Cognitive performances were measured using the scores of Mini-Mental Status Examination (MMSE), Frontal Battery Assessment (FAB), Free and Cued Selective Reminding Test (FCRST), Trail Making Test part A (TMTA) and B (TMTB) and Stroop test.In study 2, a meta-analysis was also conducted with Medline and Embase in February 2017 using the terms "motoric cognitive risk syndrome" OR "motoric cognitive risk" OR "motoric risk", with 3.5% (or 7 of 202) studies selected.After applying the inclusion criteria, a total of 238 older community-dwellers non-demented (71.4±3.6 years; 37.4% female), of which 16.8% were diagnosed with MCR were examined in the original part of the second study.Results.The prevalence of MCI was higher in the MCR group.Moreover, multiple linear regressions showed that these (MCI and MCR) individuals performed worse on all cognitive tests (P<0.005),except the ratio part III /part I of Stroop (P=0.471).Worst performance for this group was for the MMSE score (effect size = -0.57[95% Confidence Interval (CI): -1.02;-0.12])and for TMTB (effect size = 0.59 [95% CI: 0.14;1.04]).Abnormal waist hip ratio (Odd ratio -OR) >2.8 with P<0.020) and high blood pressure (OR >2.5 with P<0.025) were associated with MCR.In the meta-analysis, all pooled OR were significant with P-value <0.001 (OR = 1.41 for cardiovascular diseases, 1.21 for hypertension, 1.44 for diabetes, 2.05 for stroke and 1.34 for obesity).The overall OR was 1.38 (95% CI, 1.33-1.45)with P-value<0.001,for all pooled CVDRF.Conclusion.MCR syndrome is significantly associated with low global cognitive performance and CVDRF.Moreover, the association of MCR and MCI syndromes is highly prevalent and characterized by a worsening cognitive performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.003 | 0.005 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".