Mid-late Holocene glacial history of Manatee Glacier, Upper Lillooet Provincial Park, southern Coast Mountains, British Columbia
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Dendroglaciologic evidence exposed by the recent retreat of Manatee Glacier suggests increasing complexity in the glacial record for southern British Columbia Coast Mountain locations, particularly for mid-Holocene aged events. Since ice fronts extended below treeline in this region several times in the Holocene, valley-bottom forests were repeatedly bulldozed into subglacial till deposits. This study uses dendrochronologic and radiometric techniques to develop dates for mid-late Holocene glacial advances from the detrital and in-situ wood samples collected within the forefield of several coalescing glaciers. Evidence from Manatee Glacier, thus far, corroborates with dates obtained from other southern and northern Coast Mountain sites. Long-lived boles recovered from Manatee’s valley, however, suggest that at least two distinct periods of mid-Holocene ice extension occurred at 3430 14C +/- 60 yr BP and 2350 14C +/- 70 yr BP. Nested, lateral moraine sequences flanking the valley walls delineate Little Ice Age glacier positions. Geobotanical dating indicates that moraines stabilized at least 5 times in the late- Holocene, with the maximum glacier extent occurring in 1738 AD. The mid-late Holocene glacial history developed at Manatee Glacier adds to the discussion of pervasive, millennial-scale glacio-climate cycles.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".