Mysterious Deaths of European Starlings at Hamilton/Burlington
Bibliographic record
Abstract
a small group of outdoor enthusiasts from Guelph visited the Burlington Ship Canal (Burlington, Ontario) to do some bird photography.The group arrived at approximately 0940h and stayed for an hour.The conditions were sunny with a very light wind and temperature of -7°C.The overnight temperatures for 22-25 January had ranged from -14°C to -19° C.There were many Long-tailed Ducks (Clangula hyemalis) in the canal on the west side of the Lift Bridge as well as other ducks; so at first, the group was engaged with admiring and photographing them.However, as I walked under the bridge and toward the lake, I noticed many small dark shapes floating in the water in the canal.After closer examination, it became clear that they were dead European Starlings (Sturnus vulgaris) (Figures 1, 2 and 3).Our group leader, Gregg Parsons, and I estimated that there were at least 200 birds, and Volume 31 Number 1 51
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".