Noctilucent Clouds From Above and Below
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Noctilucent or 'night shining" Clouds (NLCs) are tenuous ice clouds that form in the extremely cold (< 140 K) high-latitude summer mesopause region (80-85 km). From the ground they are viewable at latitudes typically ranging from 50° to 65° and occur in both the northern and southern polar regions. Seen from above by satellites NLC are known as Polar Mesospheric Clouds (PMCs). Importantly, in recent decades, satellite data have shown that their occurrence frequency and brightness have increased measurably (Deland et al., 2007), raising speculation concerning their role as indicators of significant changes in climate in the upper atmosphere (Thomas, 1996). To help integrate these data sets we have compared satellite observations with NLC data collected from the ground during two campaigns conducted in Canada (June 30-July 17) and Alaska (July 29-August 17) respectively during the summer of 2007. Here we present the first detailed comparison of satellite and ground-based optical measurements of these clouds to investigate their temporal and spatial extent.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".