Bibliographic record
Abstract
In 2011, cultural industries had a total production of 85 billion euros with an added value of 40 billion euros. Cultural production is divided and shared between a merchantable amount of 69 billion euros from the sale of companies’ cultural goods and services, and a non-merchantable amount of 16 billion euros, which corresponds, by convention, to the production costs of departments, public institutions and associations in the cultural sector. The direct economic impact of culture, measured as the relationship between the added value of cultural industries and that of all industries, was 2.2% in 2011. It did not take into account the indirect or induced economic benefits resulting from culture (tourism, for example). Until 2003, the direct economic impact developing the value of culture has increased. However, it has been falling since 2004, which is mainly attributed to the marked decline in activity in certain cultural industries (publishing, the press, record). In 2011, the audio-visual industry (radio, cinema, television, video, record) contributed to one quarter of added cultural value. The performing arts and heritage, predominantly non-merchantable industries, contributed to 18% and 11% of added value respectively. The progress made during the last fifteen years in the share price in terms of value of the performing arts is mainly down to the rising prices in this industry. In contrast, books and the press only contributed to 15% of added cultural value in 2011, versus 26% in 1995. Other cultural industries (advertising agencies, architecture, the visual arts, cultural education) contributed, as a whole, to one third of added cultural value.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.003 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.007 | 0.003 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.226 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".