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Record W7014414380

Physical Education and Sport in the Future World: The prevalence of physical inactivity—it is a pandemic

2020· article· en· W7014414380 on OpenAlex

Why this work is in the frame

A frame that forgets how it found something cannot be audited. These are the routes that admitted this work.

aboutThe title or abstract carries a Canadian signal from the geographic lexicon.
no affNo Canadian affiliation: this work is invisible to an affiliation-only frame.
No Canadian affiliation. An affiliation-only frame, the usual design, would never have seen this work. It is one of the works that make the case for inverting the frame.

Bibliographic record

VenueArchivio istituzionale della ricerca (Alma Mater Studiorum Università di Bologna) · 2020
Typearticle
Languageen
FieldBiochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology
TopicGenetics and Physical Performance
Canadian institutionsnot available
Fundersnot available
KeywordsPopulationSTRIDEEctothermCrunchSprint
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

Evolutionary studies have taught that, human body adapts to the environment and to changing life conditions. Among Neolithic, Bronze Age, and Iron Age women the dimension of the humerus bone was higher than present days female rowers and football players. With the development of the agriculture, over 6500 years, Medieval women lost humeral rigidity, due to the improved cultivation techniques, in comparison to Iron Age women 1. In contrast, mean tibial midshaft density, was lower among women in all prehistoric time periods than it was among living endurance runners 1. Mean tibial among football players also exceeded the particularly low values among Bronze Age and Medieval women, but not those of the Iron age. Climate influence on these changes in body shapes through changes in agricultural habits 2. Specifically, to maintain a constant surface area/body mass ratio, absolute body breadth should remain constant despite differences in body height. The development across epochs of lower limbs, reduced the energetic cost of human walking and running, albeit a linear relationship between stride length and lower limb length is not present 3, because stride length also depend from strength, and thus by muscular mass. Human beings perform remarkably well at endurance running (but not in sprint running in comparison to other species, because man is a predator and not a pray). Endurance running is a derived capability of the genus Homo, originating about 2 million years ago, and may have been instrumental in the evolution of the human body form 4. We know that, decreasing the prevalence of physical inactivity by 25% would avert 1.3 million deaths annually 5. Transhumanists theories see the potential in technologies for positively expanding and transcending human nature. In contrast, some philosophers are fearful of technology, suggesting that it will compound the deleterious effects of the colonization of the lifeworld, further constraining human autonomy 6. The consequences of reduced mobility during the coronavirus epidemic increased the pandemic inactivity, and should be counteracted by public health authorities with mass program of physical activity.
\n1 Macintosh AA, Pinhasi R. Stock JT. Prehistoric women’s manual labor exceeded that of athletes through the first 5500 years of farming in Central Europe. Science Advances 3, 2017.
\n2 Ruff BC. Climate and body shape in hominid evolution. J. Hum. Evol. 21, 81-105, 1991.
\n3. Steudel-Numbers KL., Weaver TD., Wall-Scheffler CM. The evolution of human running: Effects of changes in lower-limb length on locomotor economy. J. Hum. Evol. 5,: 191-196, 2007.
\n4. Bramble D., Lieberman D. Endurance running and the evolution of Homo. Nature 432, 345–352, 2004. 
\n5. Davis JC, Verhagen E, Bryan S, et al. Consensus Statement from the first Economics of Physical Inactivity Consensus (EPIC) Conference (Vancouver). British J. Sports Med. 48, 947-951, 2014.
\n6. Edgar A. The hermeneutic challenge of genetic engineering: Habermas and the transhumanists. Med Health Care Philos. 12,157-67, 2009.

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

Full frame distilled prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: codex-gemma-dda1882f352aValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Observational · Consensus signal: Observational
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.193
Threshold uncertainty score0.483

Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0000.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.000
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0000.000

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.236
Teacher spread0.227 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it