Plastid genome sequencing reveals biogeographical structure and extensive population genetic variation in wild populations of Phalaris arundinacea L. in north‐western Europe
Bibliographic record
Abstract
New and comprehensive collections of the perennial rhizomatous reed canary grass (Phalaris arundinacea) were made in NW Europe along north‐to‐south and east‐to‐west clines from Denmark, Germany, Ireland, Poland, Sweden and the United Kingdom. Rhizome, seed and leaf samples were taken for analysis and genetic resource conservation. A subsample covering the geographical range was characterized using plastid genome sequencing and SNP discovery generated using a long‐read PCR and MiSeq sequencing approach. Samples were also subject to flow cytometry and all found to be tetraploid. New sequences were assembled against a Lolium perenne (perennial ryegrass) reference genome, and an average of approximately 60% of each genome was aligned (81 064 bp). Genetic variation was high among the 48 sequenced genotypes with a total of 1793 SNPs, equating to 23 SNPs per kbp. SNPs were subject to principal coordinate and Structure analyses to detect population genetic groupings and to examine phylogeographical pattern. Results indicate substantial genetic variation and population genetic structuring of this allogamous species at a broad geographical scale in NW Europe with plastid genetic diversity organized more across an east‐to‐west than a north‐to‐south cline.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".