Plaguicidas organoclorados (DDT): implicaciones por su uso
Bibliographic record
Abstract
By many years, DDT was the pesticide for excellence to fight plagues and vectors of diseases. Nevertheless, after a series of attacks nonscientists based on the book Silence Spring, DDT was prohibited by the EPA in 1972. However, new discoveries put in judgment the validity of such attacks. The objective of this study was to review the results and methodologies of diverse studies about the relation between the DDT exposure and the incidence of certain types of cancers, which establish conclusions on such matter. Several cancer were investigated: pancreas, no Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), endometrial and breast. With regard to cancer of pancreas, it has little-known and unidentified factors of risk. Studies carried out in 1987 and 1998, showed incongruities, since while one associated the exhibition to the pesticide with the development of cancer, the other demonstrated that some correlation between the exposure and the development did not exist. NHL originated an abnormal reproduction of the cells of the lymphatic system, which produces, with time, the growth and development of tumors and one of its main characteristics is the failure of the mechanisms that produce apoptosis. The relation between this disease and the exposure to DDT has demonstrated certain tendency; in four studies made in USA and Canada, the risk probabilities were 2.0, 2.0, 1.8 and 1.7 respectively. On the other hand, on the basis of the theory that certain types of cancer in humans come from the endocrines effects of the environmental polluting agents, diverse studies have been made to determine, the relation between the cancer of endometrial, breast and the hormonal effects that produce the metabolites of the DDT or this compound. A study in Sweden, demonstrated that, although the DDE was in greater average concentration in serum than other pesticides (600 - 700 ng/g of lipid fraction), not significant differences in the risk of exposure were found. Based on these analyzed data, there was not any association between the risk in the appearance of endometrial cancer and the serum organochlorine compounds levels. For the breast cancer, this knowledge is lower since the risk factors only explain less then 50 percent of the cases. The only study that has demonstrated to an association between the hormonal effects of the DDE and the probability of developing cancer was developed in 1993, but since then, at least 30 studies have documented that a clearly significant relation do not exist.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.012 | 0.012 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".