Systemic acquired resistance and induced systemic resistance against foliar diseases of Agrostis stolonifera and Nicotiana benthamiana
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Systemic acquired resistance (SAR) was activated by benzothiadiazole (BTH) and induced systemic resistance (ISR) was activated by (2R,3R)-butanediol or PC1, a new isoparaffin compound developed by Petro-Canada, against anthracnose caused by 'Colletotrichum orbiculare' in 'Nicotiana benthamiana'. BTH, (2R,3R)-butanediol and PC1 reduced the number of lesions per leaf area of 'C. orbiculare' by 98%, 77% and 81%, respectively. Foliar application of BTH also induced expression of pathogenesis-related (PR) genes, 'NbPR-1a, NbPR-'3'Q' and acidic ' NbPR'-5, and soil application of (2R,3R)-butanediol or PC1 primed expression of 'NbPRb-1b', basic 'NbPR-2' and ' NbPR-5dB'. BTH also activated resistance against dollar spot caused by 'Sclerotinia homoeocarpa' in 'Agrostis stolonifera ', reducing the percentage of diseased leaves by 50%, but BTH did not activate resistance against diseases caused by 'Microdochium nivale ',or 'Rhizoctonia solani'. However, application of either (2R,3R)-butanediol or PC1 reduced the area diseased leaves by 20 to 40% for 'M. nivale, R. solani' or 'S. homoeocarpa'. In 'A. stolonifera', expression of the jasmonate-related genes, ' AsAOS1' and 'AsOPR4', and the PR gene, 'AsGns5 ' was primed by both (2R,3R)-butanediol and PC1, while BTH did not affect the expression of homologs in 'A. stolonifera' of BTH-inducible genes identified in other monocots, the WCI-2 lipoxygenase or the BCI-4 putative calcium-binding EF-hand.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".