Synthesis and characterisation of lithium and sodium doped C-S-H
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Pure and doped calcium silicate hydrates (C-S-H) were synthesised and characterised. Pure preparations with calcium to silica (C/S) ratios ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 were made. Doped preparations with C/S ratios of 1.0 and 1.7 were synthesised with one molar lithium and sodium hydroxide solutions. Each preparation was characterised using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Fourier Transform InfraRed (FTIR) spectroscopy, and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM). As expected, results for the pure control C-S-H preparations largely agreed with published literature. The lithium and sodium doped preparations both contain residual Ca(OH)2, indicating that their final C/S ratio is not equal to that of the starting materials. The lithium-doped material at low C/S ratio (1.0) exhibits chemical and structural behaviour more consistent with a pure C-S-H having a higher C/S ratio (1.7). Sodium doped C-S-H exhibited characteristics consistent with that of the purer control preparations.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".