Tests of replicated phenotypic divergence in polymorphic pumpkinseed sunfish, Lepomis gibbosus, using microsatellite markers
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Ecologically specialized forms of pumpkinseed sunfish, 'Lepomis gibbosus', inhabit and appear to be adapted to the pelagic and littoral habitats of many postglacial lakes in Northeastern North America. If diversifying natural selection has instigated this pattern then (1) phenotypic patterns of divergence associated with habitat should be observed among different polymorphic populations, and (2) these multiple divergences should be evolutionarily independent. I studied patterns of phenotypic variation and variation at 6 microsatellite loci among ecomorphs from 12 lakes in New York State and Ontario. Evidence of consistent phenotypic divergence between ecomorphs was greater for gill raker length than for external body form. Ecomorphs within lakes were more closely related to each other than to similar ecomorphs in other lakes. This indicates that divergence is replicated, consistent with a role played by diversifying natural selection within lakes. There is little evidence of genetic differentiation between sympatric ecomorphs confirming that they are in the incipient stages of adaptive divergence. I discuss how the divergence among sunfish ecomorphs and populations can provide insights into the larger radiation of centrarchid sunfishes.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".