Aftereffects in Epigenetic Age Related to Cognitive Decline and Inflammatory Markers in Healthcare Personnel with Post-COVID-19: A Cross-Sectional Study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Germán Alberto Nolasco-Rosales,1,* Cecilia Yazmin Alonso-García,1,* David Gustavo Hernández-Martínez,1 Mario Villar-Soto,2 José J Martínez-Magaña,3 Alma Delia Genis-Mendoza,4 Thelma Beatriz González-Castro,5 Carlos Alfonso Tovilla-Zarate,6 Crystell Guadalupe Guzmán-Priego,1 Mirian Carolina Martínez-López,1 Humberto Nicolini,7 Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop1 1División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México; 2Hospital Regional de Alta Especialidad de Salud Mental, Villahermosa, Tabasco, México; 3Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; 4Hospital Psiquiátrico Infantil “Dr. Juan N. Navarro”, Ciudad de México, México; 5División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Jalpa de Méndez, Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Jalpa de Méndez, Tabasco, México; 6División Académica Multidisciplinaria de Comalcalco, Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Comalcalco, Tabasco, México; 7Departamento de Genética Psiquiátrica, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, México*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Isela Esther Juárez-Rojop, División Académica de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad Juarez Autónoma de Tabasco, Av. Gregorio Méndez 2838-A, Col. Tamulté, Villahermosa, 86100, México, Email iselajuarezrojop@hotmail.com Humberto Nicolini, Instituto Nacional de Medicina Genómica (INMEGEN), Ciudad de México, 86100, México, Email hnicolini@inmegen.gob.mxPurpose: Epigenetic age and inflammatory markers have been proposed as indicators of severity and mortality in patients with COVID-19. Furthermore, they have been associated with the occurrence of neurological symptoms, psychiatric manifestations, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, we aimed to explore the possible associations between epigenetic age, neuropsychiatric manifestations and inflammatory markers (neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio [NLR], platelet-lymphocyte ratio [PLR], monocyte-lymphocyte ratio [MLR], and systemic immune-inflammation index [SII]) in healthcare personnel with post-COVID condition.Patients and Methods: We applied the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA) and Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) tests to 51 Mexican healthcare workers with post-COVID-19 condition; we also estimated their epigenetic age using the PhenoAge calculator.Results: The participants had a post-COVID condition that lasted a median of 14 months (range: 1– 20). High NLR (> 1.73) had association with mild cognitive impairment by MMSE (p=0.013). Likewise, high MLR (> 0.24) were associated with language domain in MOCA (p=0.046). Low PLR (< 103.9) was also related to delayed recall in MOCA (p=0.040). Regarding comorbidities, hypertension was associated with SII (p=0.007), overweight with PLR (p=0.047) and alcoholism was associated with MLR (p=0.043). Interestingly, we observed associations of low PLR (< 103.9) and low SII (< 1.35) levels with increased duration of post-COVID condition (p=0.027, p=0.031). Likewise, increases in PhenoAge were associated with high levels of SII (OR=1.11, p=0.049), PLR (OR=1.12, p=0.035) and MLR (OR=1.12, p=0.030).Conclusion: We observed neurocognitive changes related to inflammatory markers and increases in epigenetic age in healthcare personnel with post-COVID-19 condition. Future research is required to assess mental and physical health in individuals with post-COVID-19 symptoms.Keywords: post-COVID-19, cognitive manifestation, inflammatory markers, epigenetic age
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Direct model labels (unvalidated)
Per-model category and study-design labels from the labeling rounds. They are machine output, unvalidated, and the disagreement between models ships as data. No study design here is MEDLINE-validated yet.
| Model arm | Categories | Study design | Confidence |
|---|---|---|---|
| gemma | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | low |
| gpt | no category Domain: not available · Genre: Empirical About the Canadian research system: no · About a Canadian topic: no | Observational | high |
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedLabeled directly by 2 models reading the full record.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".