Body Weight and Feather Growth of Male Barrow's Goldeneye during Wing Molt
Bibliographic record
Abstract
We studied the timing, duration, and rate of wing molt of male Barrow' s Goldeneye (Bucephala islandica).The mean daily change in primary feather length was 2.6%, which is consistent with rates reported for other waterfowl species.The mean length of the flightless period was 31 days (range: 27-34 days), excluding the pre-shedding interval.Wing molt extended from early July to mid-September.Peak wing molt occurred between 20 July and 23 August.The mean body weight of adult males decreased significantly during wing molt.Heavier birds had greater remigial growth rates and experienced more substantial declines in body weight than lighter birds, suggesting that body reserves may be used to increase the rate of remigial growth.Key words: Barrow' s Goldeneye, Bucephala islandica, molt strategies, nutrient reserves, remigial growth rate, wing molt, Yukon.The postbreeding period is an important part of the annual cycle of waterfowl, requiring increased energy and nutrients for feather synthesis and associated metabolic changes (Schieltz and Murphy 1997) and the accumulation of energy reserves to meet the costs of fall migration (Hohman et al. 1992).In addition, some birds become kightless during molt which potentially makes them vulnerable to predators and to changes in food availability.Energy and nutrient demands required for feather synthesis and other metabolic processes associated with molt may be met by (1) foods consumed in the diet, (2) endogenous reserves, (3) alteration in the timing, rate, and/or pattern of molt so that requirements match nutrient availability, or (4) a combination of the above adjustments (Murphy and King 1982).Changes in behavior, such as reduced time spent active, can partially compensate for the energy demands of molt (Murphy 1996) and can reduce exposure to predators.Variability in the process of molt among species suggests that each species has evolved a molt strategy that is best suited to its own annual cycle and the environmental conditions in which it lives.In waterfowl, I
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".