Canadian capital and Mexico’s Energy Reform: A Legal Geographical Approach
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent reform of Mexico’s energy sector, underway since 2013, is the culmination of some decades of liberalization policies which aimed, in large part, to denationalize Mexico’s petroleum industry and to open the sector to investment from private, foreign firms. In reversing the historic nationalization of Mexico’s oil industry in 1938, the implementation of this reform has significant implications for the triumph of neoliberal globalization over the Global South even in a period of rising protectionism in the Global North. Both the United States and Canada played a significant role in promoting the reform of Mexico’s energy sector and in structuring the legislative changes that re-opened Mexico’s hydrocarbon resources to foreign control. Over the past two years, Canadian firms have benefited significantly from new pipeline and oil and gas contracts in Mexico. Employing a legal geographical approach, this paper examines Canadian involvement in the restructuring of Mexico’s oil and gas sector both spatially -through proximity, interests and influence in the North American energy market, and legally. The legal component operates through a form of ‘juridical pluralism’ in which the institutions of contemporary economic globalization, including the Canadian state, participate in legislative and regulatory shifts in the Mexican oil industry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".