Child maltreatment in adoptive and consanguineous families: Results from a national sample of child welfare investigations
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This study investigates the characteristics of two-parent adoptive and consanguineous families in a representative sample of Canadian child welfare investigations. Adoptive caregivers were significantly older, and had higher reported levels of income and education. Both families had similar rates of caregiver problems. Adoptees were older, more likely to exhibit internalizing and externalizing problems, and had a greater number of overall functioning difficulties. After controlling for social class, adoptees had higher rates of special needs and internalizing problems, but externalizing problems were not different across family types. No differences were found for maltreatment type and level of substantiation. Compared to children raised in consanguineous households, adoptees experienced significantly higher rates of maltreatment at the hands of individuals other than their adoptive parents. The results confirm previous studies of adoptive families and emphasize the importance of considering social class differences when comparing adoptees to non-adopted peers.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".