Degradation of bituminous sealants due to extended heating before installation: a case study
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Bituminous sealants are applied to cracks and joints in pavements, bridges and other civil engineering structures. The sealants are generally applied at 180°C to 200°C, a temperature at which the sealant can degrade. In an effort to better understand the effect of installation on sealant properties, a sealant was collected at regular interval during its installation and analyzed by gel permeation chromatography (GPC), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), thermogravimetry (TG), and dynamic shear rheometry (DSR). The analysis of the aged sealants showed that the sealant was in its most degraded state early in the morning due to long pre-installation heating times around 150°C, which caused non-oxidative degradation. The degradation occurred at temperatures below the recommended installation temperatures. The degradation led to sealant stiffening, which was found to arise from a change in polymer structure, and from a loss in bitumen and polymer contents. This loss of organic material led to a relative increase in filler content. It is concluded that sealant preparation conditions, prior to installation, should be better controlled to optimize sealant performance.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".