Contrattare l’obbedienza: Benedetto XII e il processo per ribellione contro i bolognesi (1338-1340)
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The essay analyses the political and judicial confrontation between Bologna and the Apostolic See after the 1334 revolt against papal legate Bertrand du Pouget. Benedict XII, while less intransigent than his predecessor, opened an apostolic trial, framing the uprising as crimen laesae maiestatis and imposing excommunication, interdict, and suspension of the Studium. Bologna reacted with diplomacy within the Guelph network and a legal defence depicting the legate as sole instigator, invoking the communal libertas to resist renewed papal rule. The provisional settlement of October 1338 enforced strict limits on autonomy, including a collective oath of obedience and papal control over key offices, leading to negotiations until 1340—an emblematic case of how urban obedience to papal authority was negotiated and “defined” in fourteenth-century Italy.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.003 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.002 | 0.001 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; both teacher heads agree on what is shown here.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".