A comparative study on child pornography law in Malaysia with special reference to the position in Canada / 'Awatif Azhari, Nabihah Atirah Md Bazli and Nurul Asikin Abdul Rahim
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This paper is a study on the law of child pornography in Malaysia with special reference on the legal position in Canada. As stated in Chapter 2, there is no specific provision with regard to the offence of child pornography in Malaysia. It was indeed covered under Section 292 of Penal Code but it is more on a general basis of obscenity without no mentioning of child pornography in a specific notion under its legislation. Therefore, the need to amend section 292 of Penal Code to include specific provision on child pornography is measured by looking at the current circumstantial evidence and by referring the law in Canada. The position of the law on child pornography from the global perspective have been laid down in Chapter 2 and it is submitted that numerous conventions being held to discuss this issue and many countries have specifically legislated the said law. Chapter 3 discuss about the current legal position with regards to child pornography in Malaysia whereas in Chapter 4, the law on child pornography that was applied in Canada were critically being examined and served as a model for the same law to be adapted in Malaysia. The opinions from individuals that had been interviewed on the need to amend and to have a specific law on of child pornography have been compiled under Chapter 5 of this paper. Meanwhile, the recommendations and conclusions with regards to this study is provided under Chapter 6.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.005 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.007 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".