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Record W7018297069

Développement d'un processus de pultrusion de tresses à géométrie creuses de composites thermoplastiques pour une application sportive de hockey

2024· other· fr· W7018297069 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenuePolyPublie (École Polytechnique de Montréal) · 2024
Typeother
Languagefr
Field
Topic
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersNatural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
KeywordsPultrusionLimitingThermoplastic compositesFabrication
DOInot available

Abstract

fetched live from OpenAlex

RÉSUMÉ: Les bâtons de hockey d’aujourd’hui sont principalement fabriqués à partir de matériaux composites thermodurcissable. En fin de vie, ils sont dirigés vers les sites de décharges. La fabrication des bâtons de hockey est basée principalement sur des procédés manuels, situés dans des pays à faibles coûts de main d'œuvre. Cela a encouragé à explorer des solutions alternatives de fabrication locale. D’où la solution de production de bâtons de hockey en composite thermoplastique par Braid-trusion. C’est la combinaison du procédé de tressage textile et de la pultrusion thermoplastique. Ce processus de fabrication est automatisé et peu coûteux qui produit des poutres à sections constantes ayant des fibres orientées en angle qui peuvent être remodelées, réparées et recyclées. Le procédé de Braid-trusion thermoplastique reste en cours de développement en raison de certains enjeux de performances. Dans le cadre d'une collaboration industrielle, des éléments de cette technologie sont étudiés pour développer le procédé de production de pièces adaptées à l'industrie. Le premier objectif consiste à caractériser un nouveau matériau appelé DREF pour limiter l'ondulation des fibres en pultrusion thermoplastique. Les études sur la pultrusion thermoplastique se sont concentrées sur des problèmes d'imprégnation avec des matériaux assemblant de longues fibres polymères aux fibres de renforcement, tels que des fils mélangés et co-enroulés. Cependant, une attention limitée a été accordée à la réduction de l’ondulation des fibres. Une étude expérimentale, basée sur l'application de tensions 3N et 0N sur des fils co-enroulés (CW) et DREF, visait à valoriser la contribution des fibres polymères discontinues à la réduction de l'ondulation des fibres. La réaction de ces matériaux au chauffage a montré un retrait des fibres PET longues, induisant l’ondulation des fibres de verre (GF) dans les fils CW, à l'inverse, les fils DREF présentaient des GF droit. Pour les tensions 3N et 0N, les expériences ont montré une fraction de porosité plus élevée dans les composites avec des fils CW (4,21 % vs 2,19 %) et (2,87 % vs 1,11 %) pour les fils DREF. Les images par tomographie ont révélé une ondulation évidente des fibres dans CW-0N alors que dans DREF-0N, l'ondulation des fibres était difficilement détectable. La pultrusion thermoplastique utilisant des fils DREF a abouti à des composites avec une ondulation des fibres restreinte et des performances mécaniques supérieures malgré l'absence de tension. Le deuxième objectif consiste à proposer une approche expérimentale démontrant les avantages d'utilisation de plusieurs filières en pultrusion thermoplastique. Les études qui ont adopté la pultrusion thermoplastique multi-filières montrent des résultats prometteurs. Les hypothèses n’ont pas été démontrées pour l’imprégnation améliorée. Une approche expérimentale imitant les cycles de consolidation de la pultrusion multi-filières par moulage par compression, visait à déterminer l'effet de l'utilisation de plusieurs filières. Le processus multi-filières a effectivement augmenté le temps de consolidation de 260 % et réduit la force de compression de 38 %. De plus, le procédé multi-filières présentait le plus haut degré de micro-imprégnation avec un ABSTRACT: Today’s hockey sticks are primarily constructed of thermosetting polymer materials. At the end of their life, they go to landfills, but do not decompose. The manufacturing of hockey sticks is mainly based on manual processes, therefore located in countries with low labour costs. This prompted the exploration of local manufacturing alternatives solutions. Hence, the solution of pro duction thermoplastic composite hockey sticks by Braid-trusion. Braid-trusion is the combination of the braiding textile process and thermoplastic pultrusion. This process is an automated, low-cost manufacturing process that produces beams with constant cross-sections having angle-oriented fibres that can be reshaped, repaired, and recycled. Thermoplastic Braid-trusion remains under development due to some performance issues. As part of industrial collaboration, elements of this technology are being investigated to develop the process for producing suitable parts for the industry. The first objective consists of characterizing a new input material called DREF to limit fibre waviness in thermoplastic pultrusion. Findings revealed that long thermoplastic fibres induce waviness in the reinforcement fibres. Studies in thermoplastic pultrusion concentrated on mitigating impregnation issues with materials blending long polymer fibres to the reinforcement fibres, such as commingled and co-wound yarns. However, limited attention was given to reducing fibre waviness. DREF yarns are composed of a continuous fibre core onto which discontinuous polymer fibres are applied using the friction spinning process. An experimental study, based on the application of 3N and 0N tension on Co-wound (CW) and DREF yarns, aimed to showcase the contribution of discontinuous polymer fibres on reducing fibres waviness. Input materials’ reaction to heating showed long PET fibres shrinkage resulting in wavy glass fibres (GF) in CW yarns, conversely DREF yarns presented straight GF. For 3N and 0N tension, experiments showed higher porosity fraction in composites with CW yarns (4.21% vs 2.19 %) and (2.87% vs 1.11%) for DREF yarns. CT scan images revealed a greater amount of fibre waviness in CW-0N whereas in DREF-0N fibre waviness was hardly detectable. The average in-plane shear strength was 55.17 MPa for CW-0N and 119.35 MPa for DREF-0N. Thermoplastic pultrusion using DREF yarns resulted in composites with restricted fibre waviness and superior mechanical performances despite the absence of tension. The second objective involves on proposing an experimental approach that demonstrates the benefits of using multiple dies in thermoplastic pultrusion. Studies have adopted multi-die systems for thermoplastic pultrusion showing promising results. Some assumptions for the improved impregnation were discussed; however, these hypotheses were not demonstrated. An experimental approach that imitates the consolidation cycles of the multi-die pultrusion by compression moulding, aimed to determine the effect of using multiple dies. The multi-die process effectively increased the consolidation time by 260% and reduced the compressive tool force by 38%. Moreover, multi-die process significantly decreased void content to 2%. Voids in the consolidated plates with single die process were detected in the fibre bundles. Whereas voids with multi-die process were displayed in the resin. Suggesting that the sudden elevated force in the single die reduced fibre permeability. The multi-die consolidated plates had inter-laminar shear strength of 46.5 MPa compared to 28.0 MPa for the single die process. Indicating that enhanced impregnation resulted from prolonged consolidation time and reduced pressure. The primary finding relates to the potential of optimizing dies number and length for desired composite quality.

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How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.001
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.012

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.001
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0010.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.001
Bibliometrics0.0010.000
Science and technology studies0.0010.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.001
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0010.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.010
GPT teacher head0.260
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

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Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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