Determination of trace metal in palm oil plantation soil and health risk assessment at Pasir Salak,Perak. / Nabihah Syahira Ismail
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Anthropogenic activities continuously increase the amount of trace metal in the environment, especially in agriculture soils.The trace metal cannot be degraded, they are deposited, assimilated or incorporated in soils. This study assessed the concentration of trace metal such as Cu, Mn, and Mg in Palm Oil Plantation soils and their possible human health risk at Kampung Gajah, Pasir Salak. In these study, 100 samples collected in the palm oil plantation soils were analyzed for Magnesium, Copper and Manganese using the Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The study design is cross-sectional study. The mean concentration of Mn, Cu, and Mg in the soil were 30.72, 20.70 and 29.84 mg/kg respectively. The concentration of trace metal in soils were compared with the Contaminated Land Management and Control Guideline, Environment Protection Act and Canadian Soil Quality Guideline.The result indicated that the concentration of Mn and Cu are exceeded the permissible limits set by the Contaminated Land Management and Control Guideline. However, copper metal lower than the standard that stated under the Environment Protection Act and Canadian Soil Quality Guideline. For Mg concentration, the result revealed is lower than the permissible limit of typical range of natural occurring metals concentration from the Contaminated Land Management and Control Guideline. However, there is no value derived for Mg and Mn element from the other standard. Generally, the concentration level of Mn and Cu are higher than that of Mg. Statistical analysis revealed that there is significance difference of mean Manganese level between the Site A and C (p <0.05) while no significance difference for Copper and Magnesium (p>0.05). The health risk assessment model revealed that there was no health risk for both worker at palm oil plantation and construction's workers with all the trace metal, since the calculation of hazard index (HI) was below than 1 (HI<1). As conclusion, this study provides important information about the concentration of Mn, Cu, and Mg in palm oil plantation exposed to environmental stress by anthropogenic activities, mainly from the application of the fertilizer.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".