Draft Articles by Hagan on Maltusianism
Bibliographic record
Abstract
[post-1914] Typescript draft article (unfinished) with handwritten amendments by (Hagan), on Malthusianism and the perceived effects on birthrates. Quoting from an article in Scuola Cattolica on population and birthrates, taking France as an example for Malthusian practices. Stressing the importance of using statistics with the corrected, not crude, birthrates; listing European countries from the Daily Mail Year Book (1913). Ireland's corrected birthrate would make allowance for the influence of late marriages and emigration; Malthusianism on the other hand is practically unknown there. Also listing from same source, the numbers of illegitimate children. Discussing the points of late marriages and emigration, drawing on the census of 1911. Then quoting at length from a Protestant author's article in the Hibbert Journal (1914) on differences in birthrate between Catholic and Protestant parts of population, drawing on English, European, and Canadian examples, finding that, for France, 'Roman Catholicism...is very considerably more prolific (where the belief of the people is at all deep) than English Protestantism'.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.006 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.003 | 0.004 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.005 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.006 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.117 | 0.040 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".