An Economic Evaluation of Intervention Strategies for Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea
Bibliographic record
Abstract
The recent outbreak of PED in North America, including Ontario, highlighted the severe threat posed by this disease for the swine industry. In completely susceptible herds, there is no immunological protection in piglets to the PED virus so the mortality rate is initially very high for young pigs (almost 100%) as is the morbidity rate. However, the economic costs of a PED outbreak, including production losses and expenditures on PED-intervention strategies, remain poorly documented. A simulation model is constructed in this study to calculate the costs of a PED outbreak on an individual farrow-to-finish farm in Ontario and to estimate the reduction in these costs as compared to the expense associated with implementing alternative control and elimination practices. The results indicate that the benefits of all intervention strategies in controlling the PED outbreak, associated with the reduction in losses from the disease are greater than the costs of implementing the strategy. The most cost-effective strategy involves closing the herd and front-load gilt introduction along with average feedback effort and intensive efforts on biosecurity protocols. The net benefits to that strategy are $257,000 for a 700 sow farrow-to-finishing farm. The costs of PED are estimated to be approximately 20 per market hog.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.006 | 0.015 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.002 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.005 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".