Economic and spatial impacts of street trading on retail : a case study of West Street.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Plate 1: Pedestrian Movement within the Broad and Field Streets Block Plate 2: Pedestrian Movement near the new Old Mutual development Plates 3 and 4: Independent Retailers 'using' the pavements Plate 5: Obstructed Window Displays Plates 6 and 7: Two types of lanes in West Street Plates 8 and 9: Goods being dropped off Plate 10: Large stocks and a disorganised Street Trader Plate 11: An organised Street Trader Plate 12: New types of Retail in West Street Plate 13: Umbrellas provided by Jet Plate 14: Mobile police station (Daily News: 08-03-1995) -1 -'.involved in small scale, unenumerated, irregular entrepreneurial activities.This usually involves selling small quantities of fruit and vegetables, cassettes, food and other small goods, usually on a cash basis (Fadane: 1993: 16).The success of this type of trading depends "upon the traders efforts and ability to attract clientele" (Bromley: 1978: 1165).
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.002 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.006 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".