Energetic, morphologic and physiologic responses during «Heligmosomoides bakeri» (Nematoda) infection and protein deficiency in pregnant and lactating mice
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This research investigated the concurrent effects of a gastrointestinal nematode infection Heligmosomoides bakeri, pregnancy, and protein deficiency (PD) during late pregnancy throughout lactation on energetic, morphologic and immunological responses in CD1 mice and their offspring. Our novel findings can be summarized broadly into three key themes: (i) energetics and resting metabolic rate, (ii) bone metabolism and (iii) immune development. This work highlights the largely independent ways in which the mouse responds to competing demands of pregnancy, infection, and PD. Pregnancy increased RMR while PD lowered RMR; a trickle infection was not associated with any change. During pregnancy, these additional energetic demands were met by increased food intake and fat utilization. During infection mice lowered their body temperature. Finally, the reduction in RMR during PD was associated with higher serum corticosterone and leptin concentrations. A second novel finding was that both infection and PD impacted on maternal and neonatal bone development. Infection lowered maternal femur bone area which was associated with elevated serum IFN-γ in heavily infected pregnant mice and reduced foetal crown-rump length consistent with higher amniotic fluid IL-1β. Lower bone mineralization in PD dams was associated with elevated serum corticosterone and leptin whereas it was associated with elevated serum IL-1β and IL-6 during infection. The elevated serum IL-1β, lower leptin and IGF-1 in pups of PD and infected dams were consistent with the shorter crown-rump length. Finally, we explored for the first time the impact of maternal PD and infection on neonatal immune development. Both maternal infection and PD reduced lymphoid organ mass in pups whereas the percentage of T cells and T:B cell ratio in the spleen was increased only by maternal PD. These changes were associated with elevated corticosterone and IL-6 concentration in milk, and lower pup serum leptin and IGF-1 i
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".