The Diné Against Spanish and American Expansion: A Southwestern Story of Ingenuity and Adaptation.
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Through a concise historical narration of the exposure of the Diné to the arrival of the Spanish, the latter’s attempts to undermine Navajo sovereignty, and finally the American expansion into Dinétah, I argue that the Diné showed great attachment to their traditional land and way of life, pushing them to resort to ingenuous strategies in order to retain what was being stolen from them, until the Navajo eventually came out as the main Indigenous player in the Southwest. I begin with an account of the early encounters with the Spanish, comparing Diné lifestyle before and after the arrival of the European settlers. Then, the notion of Navajo sovereignty is discussed: after replacing the concept in the particular Diné context, I show how, in different areas, the Navajo were successful or not at remaining sovereign. Finally, I analyze the impact of American expansion on the Navajo.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.018 | 0.013 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.005 |
| Research integrity | 0.002 | 0.004 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.003 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".