The epidemiology of Brachyspira species in Ontario layer chicken flocks
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Avian intestinal spirochetosis is a disease of poultry caused by the spirochete bacterium\nBrachyspira, and is characterized by increased mortality, reduced egg production, weight loss,\ndiarrhoea, and fecal staining of egg shells, which leads to downgrading of eggs. The presence of\nBrachyspira species in Ontario layer chicken flocks and its association with downgrades for dirty\neggs was explored. Further, farm interviews were conducted to determine risk factors associated\nwith the presence of Brachyspira species. The prevalence of Brachyspira species was\nsignificantly higher in flocks with a higher proportion of dirty eggs (dirty flocks) compared to\nthose with a lower proportion of dirty eggs (clean flocks). Brachyspira pilosicoli was the only\npathogenic species detected. Risk factors associated with the presence of Brachyspira species\nwere flock age, barn age, multi-age farms, and housing type. Based on these findings,\nrecommendations were suggested to control the occurrence of Brachyspira species and the\nassociated dirty egg problem.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".