Ettinger Estate v. Jewish Quarter Company
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Facts: The late Michael Ettinger died after falling into an unfenced pit at an archaeological site located near a playground in the Old City of Jerusalem. He was twelve years old. The appellants, his estate and family, sued the respondents for compensation in the District Court. The main issue considered in the Supreme Court on appeal was whether the estate was entitled to compensation for loss of the deceased’s earning capacity in the ‘lost years’ — the years of working life that the deceased lost because he died as a result of the respondents’ negligence. This issue had been considered more than twenty years earlier, in Estate of Sharon Gavriel v. Gavriel, where the majority held that legislation was required to allow an award of compensation for loss of earning capacity in the ‘lost years.’ But no legislation to this effect had been enacted in the interim.\nA second issue that was considered in the appeal was whether the respondents should have been found liable to pay punitive damages.\nHeld: The time had come to reconsider the issue of compensation for loss of earning capacity in the ‘lost years.’ The Supreme Court held that:\nWhere a person suffers a reduction of life expectancy as a result of a tortious act, he is entitled to compensation for the loss of earning capacity in the ‘lost years.’\nWhere a person dies as a result of a tortious act, his claim to compensation for the loss of earning capacity in the ‘lost years’ passes to his estate. If the deceased has dependants who are awarded compensation for loss of support in the ‘lost years,’ this compensation is deducted from the compensation payable to the estate for loss of the deceased’s earning capacity in the ‘lost years,’ to prevent double liability being imposed on the tortfeasor.\nThe Supreme Court left undecided the question of whether Israeli courts have the power to award punitive damages, since the facts of this case did not warrant an award of punitive damages in any case.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.004 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.007 | 0.001 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.004 | 0.002 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.011 | 0.007 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.046 | 0.008 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".