Étude des pratiques d'aménagement urbain durable à travers une comparaison de trois études de cas québécois et identification de lignes directrices transférables au contexte algérien
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Résumé : La majorité des villes algériennes, comprenant 80 % de la population totale du pays, connaissent un dysfonctionnement dans leur structure urbaine, accompagnée de phénomènes de dégradation environnementale résultant surtout de l'évolution socio-économique non contrôlée depuis les années 1970, des interventions et des stratégies d'aménagement mal formulées. Cette recherche identifie des pratiques d'aménagement durable pouvant servir de balises au milieu algérien, à l'aide de trois études de cas au Québec. À partir d'indicateurs d'aménagement durable ayant trait à l'utilisation optimale et à la conservation du milieu de vie, nous avons identifié les pratiques communes : utilisation économe du sol à travers la conception de projets mixtes et compacts sur des sites déjà exploités, intégration de mesures et de techniques d'aménagement économisant l'énergie et les ressources, et intégration harmonieuse de la nature dans le milieu urbain. Par ailleurs, ces cas reposent sur la consultation et la contribution de la population, de manière à ce qu'elle partage ses opinions, voire ses compétences, avec les initiateurs des projets. De plus, une attention particulière a été accordée aux activités de transfert d'information publique. Nous en concluons que toutes les pratiques menant vers ces résultats gagneraient à servir de prototypes de planification urbaine en Algérie. Bien que les projets étudiés intègrent globalement des consignes de développement durable, ils comprennent aussi des lacunes par l'omission de certains indicateurs d'aménagement durable. De plus, la liste des indicateurs définis pour caractériser la durabilité des projets n'est pas exhaustive. Par ailleurs, les résultats retenus ne concernent que les exemples exposés et ne sont pas généralisables à d'autres planifications urbaines menées au Québec ou ailleurs. Finalement, même si notre recherche est limitée et que d'autres initiatives plus avancées dans le domaine d'étude restent essentielles, ce mémoire a permis de faire avancer les connaissances en urbanisme au Québec à travers quelques projets, et de mieux comprendre la relation étroite entre le développement durable et l'aménagement urbain.||Abstract : The tendencies of uncontrolled economic and demographic evolution, as noticed in Algeria in the 1970s, have increased the proliferation of human activity and the increased use of territory. Algerian cities, containing 80 % of the total population of the country, are the first consumers of space and resources. There are also many notable social and environmental problems. This research identifies practices in sustainable development and sustainable planning to be used as markers for urban development in Algeria. Hence, we picked data from three urbanism projects realised in Quebec, selected for their recognized sustainability. By referring to a defined list of sustainable development indicators, we studied the sustainability of the chosen projects. These indicators rest on four sustainable development principles ideally used in urban planning: optimal use of ground, environment conservation, public participation and training of said public. These planning examples interact with the target population in order for them to share not only their opinions but also their technical competencies with the project holders. Furthermore, particular attention was given to the transfer activities of public information concerning the guidelines of these projects. Following the comparisons, we conclude that practices leading to these results would serve as interesting prototypes to urban planning in Algeria. Even though the studied projects globally take into account the rules of sustainable development, they suffer from some shortcomings regarding the omission of certain sustainable elements. Also, the list of indicators defined to characterise the sustainability of projects is not thorough. Nevertheless, the obtained results do not apply to all the exposed problems and cannot be generalised to other urban planning pursued in Quebec or elsewhere. Finally, even if our research is limited and other more advanced initiatives in this field are essential, this thesis has allowed us to further the knowledge of urbanism in Quebec through a few projects, and to better understand the close relationship between sustainable development and urban planning.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.001 | 0.003 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.002 | 0.002 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Open science | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Research integrity | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.004 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".