Growth and dynamics of polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films
Bibliographic record
Abstract
Polyelectrolyte multilayer thin films adsorbed onto colloidal particles have been studied by solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy in order to characterize the dynamic properties of the film components. In addition, the growth of the multilayer films was observed directly for the first time and quantification of the amount of polyelectrolyte adsorbed during each step was achieved. NMR relaxation measurements demonstrate that the polyions are more mobile when incorporated into a multilayer film than when in the bulk complex. The polycation, poly(diallyl dimethyl ammonium chloride) (PDADMAC) was found to exhibit greater mobility than the polyanion, poly(styrene-4-sulfonate) (PSS), becoming increasingly less mobile as layers were added to the multilayer assembly. Solid-state deuterium NMR further demonstrates the limited mobility of the PSS chain when incorporated into a multilayer film. No significant motion is observed on the kHz timescale under ambient conditions for PSS in a strong-strong polyelectrolyte film. However, a small mobile fraction, the result of loops and tails or chain ends is present when the multilayer films are exposed to humidity and salt solutions.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".