Bibliographic record
Abstract
Nowhere was the introduction of modern mathematics/New Math curricula without controversy, but in the 1960s the criticism had little impact. One of the most outspoken ‘early’ opponents was Morris Kline, who in 1962, along with 64 other well-known American and Canadian mathematicians, signed a memorandum denouncing the abstract nature of modern mathematics and the neglect of practical applications. From the 1970s, the tide began to turn in several countries and a veritable counter-movement emerged. Kline's 1973 book ‘Why Johnny Can't Add: The Failure of the New Math’ quickly gained iconic status. Its definitive end was sanctioned in 1972 with René Thom's keynote address ‘Modern Mathematics: Does it exist?’ at the Second International Congress on Mathematical Education. However, from the ashes of the modern mathematics movement grew international cooperation in mathematics education and the field soon became recognized as an autonomous scientific discipline. In these early 1970s developments, the Polish Anna Zofia Krygowska played a significant role.
Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.
How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame machine prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.
Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.018 | 0.031 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.001 | 0.001 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.002 | 0.001 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.009 | 0.025 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.016 | 0.016 |
| Open science | 0.002 | 0.010 |
| Research integrity | 0.015 | 0.016 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.023 | 0.004 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".