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Record W7019847663

Identification of factors regulating B cell biology and antibody response: the cases of Dot1l and hnRNPL

2024· dissertation· en· W7019847663 on OpenAlexfundno aff

Bibliographic record

VenueeScholarship@McGill (McGill) · 2024
Typedissertation
Languageen
FieldImmunology and Microbiology
TopicT-cell and B-cell Immunology
Canadian institutionsnot available
FundersCanadian Institutes of Health ResearchMinistère de l'Économie, de la Science et de l'Innovation - Québec
KeywordsIdentification (biology)AntibodyB cellCellImmune systemMonoclonal antibody
DOInot available

Abstract

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B cells producing specific antibodies against pathogens are necessary for an effective adaptive immune response.Mature B cells start by displaying their antibody on their cell surface as a receptor.When this receptor binds to a pathogen, B cells become activated to grow and proliferate rapidly.At the same time, activated B cells also attempt to improve their antibody affinity and function, by genetically altering their antibody genes, through the mutagenic enzyme, activation-induced deaminase (AID).Mutations by AID alter the antibody's affinity for its cognate antigen.B cells with mutations that improve the antibody affinity are positively selected by interactions with T cells in anatomical regions called germinal centers, and over time, improves the overall affinity of the antibody response.At the same time, B cells also change their antibody isotype class, from the default IgM to another class, more suited for the current infection, through a process called class switch recombination (CSR).CSR involves processing of the mutations made by AID to generate two DNA double strand breaks, and the subsequent joining of these distal breaks to eliminate the intervening genomic regions, thus juxtaposing the exon coding for antibody variable region with the exons encoding the new isotype.Collaterally, AID also mutates "off-target" non-antibody genes, which can cause cancer, for instance by initiating oncogenic chromosomal translocations like IgH/cMyc.Mechanisms underlying B cell activation and AID targeting are not fully understood but transcription regulation plays key roles in both processes.Appropriate transcriptional programs must be turned on and off to enable the rapid growth and proliferation of B cells following activation.AID mutates single-stranded DNA and requires transcription to gain access and mutate the genome.Several cis-acting genetic and epigenetic features, and trans-acting factors have been implicated in AID targeting.However, these features are still unable to predict why AID mutates some loci but not others, despite its extensive chromatin occupancy.The first chapter of my thesis describes the role of the H3K79 methyltransferase DOT1L in enabling AID activity, following its identification as an AID-proximal nuclear factor.We find that DOT1L activity is required for AID activity genome-wide, including the RÉSUMÉ DE THÈSE Les cellules B produisant des anticorps spécifiques contre les agents pathogènes sont nécessaires pour une réponse immunitaire adaptative efficace.Les cellules B matures affichent leur anticorps sur leur surface cellulaire en tant que récepteur.Lorsque ce récepteur se lie à un agent pathogène, les cellules B sont activées et prolifèrent rapidement.En même temps, les cellules B activées tentent également d'améliorer leur affinité et leur fonction d'anticorps, en modifiant génétiquement leurs gènes d'anticorps, grâce à l'enzyme mutagène, activation-induced deaminase (AID).Les mutations introduites par AID modifient l'affinité de l'anticorps pour son antigène correspondant.Les cellules B avec des mutations qui améliorent l'affinité des anticorps sont sélectionnées positivement par des interactions avec les cellules T dans des régions anatomiques appelées centres germinatifs et, au fil du temps, améliorent l'affinité globale de la réponse des anticorps.En même temps, les cellules B changent leur classe d'anticorps (isotype), de l'IgM qui est l'isotype par default, à une autre classe, plus adaptée à l'infection actuelle, via un processus appelé recombinaison par commutation de classe (CSR).La CSR inclut le traitement des mutations effectuées par AID pour générer deux cassures double brin d'ADN, et la jonction ultérieure de ces cassures distales pour éliminer les régions génomiques intermédiaires, juxtaposant ainsi l'exon codant pour la région variable de l'anticorps avec les exons codant pour le nouvel isotype.Parallèlement, l'AID mute également des gènes non-anticorps « hors cible », qui peuvent provoquer le cancer, par exemple en initiant des translocations chromosomiques oncogènes comme IgH/cMyc.Plusieurs caractéristiques génétiques et épigénétiques sont impliqués dans le ciblage de l'AID, mais ne sont pas entièrement compris.Le premier chapitre de ma thèse décrit le rôle de la méthyltransférase H3K79 DOT1L entant que facteur important pour l'activité d'AID, à la suite de son identification comme facteur nucléaire proximal à AID.Nous constatons que l'activité DOT1L est nécessaire pour l'activité AID à l'échelle du génome, y compris la CSR physiologique et les mutations pathologiques hors cible.Du point de vue du mécanisme, DOT1L modifie la transcription en limitant la libération de l'ARN polymérase II (RNAPII) de l'état de pause, à proximité du promoteur, pour l'état de l'élongation.Ainsi, nous identifions que la libération régulée

Fetched live from OpenAlex and de-inverted. Abstracts are not stored in this database: the inverted indexes are 8.6 GB of the frame’s 9.3 GB of text, and the host has 13 GB free.

How this classification was reachedexpand

Full frame machine prediction

Teacher imitation

Not calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. The Gemma side is a direct model label for every work in the frame, read from the title-only record. The Codex side is a classifier learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and calibrated to design-weighted sample rates; fields without enough sample support carry no Codex call. Candidate is the union of the two sides; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels.

metaresearch head score (Codex)0.000
metaresearch head score (Gemma)0.000
Version: metacan-v3-hybrid-931329e0061cValidation status: machine_predicted_unvalidated
Candidate categoriesnone
Consensus categoriesnone
DomainCandidate signal: none · Consensus signal: none
Study designCandidate signal: Bench or experimental · Consensus signal: Bench or experimental
GenreCandidate signal: Empirical · Consensus signal: Empirical
Teacher disagreement score0.004
Threshold uncertainty score0.014

Distilled classifier scores by category (both heads)

CategoryCodexGemma
Metaresearch0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (narrow)0.0000.000
Meta-epidemiology (broad)0.0000.000
Bibliometrics0.0000.000
Science and technology studies0.0000.000
Scholarly communication0.0010.000
Open science0.0000.000
Research integrity0.0000.001
Insufficient payload (model declined to judge)0.0040.001

Machine scores (provisional)

The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.

Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.

Opus teacher head0.014
GPT teacher head0.264
Teacher spread0.250 · how far apart the two teachers sit on this one work
Validation statusscore_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from it

Classification

machine, unvalidated

Machine predicted; a candidate call from one source (direct Gemma or distilled Codex), not a consensus.

The models applied no category: nothing in the taxonomy fit this work.
Study designBench or experimental
Domainnot available
GenreEmpirical

How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".

Quick stats

Citations0
Published2024
Admission routes1
Has abstractyes

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