Investigation Study on the Strength Properties of Local Sand as Proppant
Bibliographic record
Abstract
This project presents literature review and experimental work on local sands for possible use as proppant especially sand samples from the Terengganu coastal area. Currently, there is no local proppant manufacturer in Malaysia and Malaysia has to import proppant from overseas especially from United States and Canada. This leads to the high well stimulation costs in Malaysia. If the local sand in Malaysia qualifies to be used as proppant, Malaysia can produce its local proppant manufacturer which may reduce the well stimulation costs in Malaysia. Thus, in this project, the characteristics of the Terengganu local sand will be examined and compared to the characteristics of the existing proppant used in current market. The present study found that the size distribution, sphericity, turbidity and bulk density of Terengganu sands are at similarity with some of commercial proppants. Thus, in this project additional research and experimental work will be done to further identify the possible use of Terengganu sand as proppant. These samples will be tested upon the sphericity, roundness, bulk density, shear strength, turbidity, acid solubility and suspension of particles in the slurry.
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How this classification was reachedexpand
Full frame distilled prediction
Teacher imitationNot calibrated prevalence, not ground truth. Human validation pending. Learned from the 10,348 direct Codex labels and 10,348 direct Gemma labels. Candidate is the union of thresholded teacher heads; consensus is their intersection. These outputs are machine_predicted_unvalidated and are not human labels or direct frontier model labels.
Codex and Gemma teacher scores by category
| Category | Codex | Gemma |
|---|---|---|
| Metaresearch | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (narrow) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Meta-epidemiology (broad) | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Bibliometrics | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Science and technology studies | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Scholarly communication | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Open science | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Research integrity | 0.000 | 0.000 |
| Insufficient payload (model declined to judge) | 0.001 | 0.000 |
Machine scores (provisional)
The two teacher heads of the student model, read on this work. A score orders the frame for review; it never asserts a category, and the validation status ships verbatim with every row.
Baseline scores from an immature model (maturity gate not passed, 7 training rounds). Scores rank; they never assert a category.
score_only:v0-immature-baseline · verbatim from the scoring run: score_only means the number may rank works, and no category label ships from itClassification
machine, unvalidatedMachine predicted; a candidate call from one teacher head, not a consensus.
How this classification was reached, model by model and score by score, is at the end of the page under "How this classification was reached".